General Naming Rules and Functional Groups

Numbering hydrocarbon chains

Prefix	Number of carbons	Prefix	Number of carbons
meth-	1	hex-	6
eth-	2	hept-	7
pro-	3	oct-	8
but-	4	non-	9
pent-	5	dec-	10

Saturated hydrocarbons

Type of hydrocarbon	Type of bond	Suffix
Alkane	Single	-ane
Alkene	Double	-ene
Alkyne	Triple	-yne

Alkyl halides

Halogen	Naming convention
Fluorine	fluoro-
Chlorine	chloro-
Bromine	bromo-
Iodine	iodo-

Functional groups

Functional group class	General structure	Naming convention
Alcohol		-ol
Aldehyde		-al
Ketone		-one
Carboxylic acid		-oic acid
Ether		-oxy-
Ester		-yl -oate
Amine		-amine
Amide		-amide