SPH4U Acknowledgements

Some images supplied by Getty Images. Other images, graphs, diagrams, and illustrations in this course, unless otherwise specified, are TVO created.

Intro Video, Copyright © 2021 The Ontario Educational Communications Authority. All rights reserved.

Unit 1

Yellow boots on the road, sergeichekman/iStock/Getty Images

Moving car Gif image, Clipart.Email, URL: https://www.clipart.email/download/1779188.html.

Weather Forecaster on Green Background, tomazl//Getty Images

Astronomer With a Big Astronomical Telescope in Observatory Doing Science Research, https://www.istockphoto.com/portfolio/Stolk?mediatype=photography/iStock/Getty Images

Attentive Radiologist Examining X Ray at the Clinic, https://www.dreamstime.com/zinkevych_info, Dreamstime, URL: https://www.gettyimages.ca/detail/photo/attentive-radiologist-examining-x-ray-at-the-clinic-royalty-free-image/693303852.

Oil and Gas workers with Oil pumps in background, John Dujay, HR Reporter, URL: https://www.hrreporter.com/focus-areas/recruitment-and-staffing/oil-and-gas-workers-in-alberta-face-challenges-leaving-sector/368496.

There's gonna be magic on this stage, /iStock/Getty Images

Engineer in Nuclear Power Station, Digital Vision.//Getty Images

Math set, RapidEye/E+/Getty Images

Scalars & Vectors Addition, Paul Andersen, Bozeman Science, URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUrMI0DIh40&feature=youtu.be, Published 23/01/2011.

The Pythagorean Theorem Tutorial, InspireMathTutorials, URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-vXr5gwBxVg, Published 08/04/2012.

Basic Trigonometry Review, mrjohaneson, URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zU02b72cv6E, Published 2007.

Happy man putting on his headphones and listening to music while scrolling down his list on smartphone, Video supplied by andresr/Creatas Video+/Getty Images.

Life is out there waiting for you, Video supplied by Marco VDM/Vetta/Getty Images.

Semi-truck on the highway, THEPALMER/E+/Getty Images

Vector arrows, -slav-/iStock/Getty Images

City tram, urbancow/E+/Getty Images

Excerpt from Vector Addition Lesson 1 of 2: Head to Tail Addition Method, Jeff Caulfield, URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7p-uxbu24AM, Published 21/11/2011.

Forces and Motion Physics Concept Map, Teacher4Success, URL: https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Forces-and-Motion-Physics-Concept-Map-1910529, Published 2015.

Crypto currencies explained, tupungato/iStock/Getty Images

Vector Addition, PhET, URL: https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/vector-addition/latest/vector-addition_en.html, . PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder, https://phet.colorado.edu.

Laptop computer with books, pen and yellow legal pad, pablohart//Getty Images

Drawing Engineer Education Design, Ivan-balvan//Getty Images

Backside view of a man paddling a kayak, Video supplied by SVTeam/Creatas Video/Getty Images.

Relative Velocity: Boat Crossing a River, TW, URL: https://www.geogebra.org/m/jgA3FrVk.

Frame of Reference, TW, URL: http://myilc.ilc.org/applications/asset.php?id=12841.

Boat crossing a river against the current, Chegg Inc, URL: https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/riding-boat-whose-speed-relative-water-is61-m-s-boat-points-angle-25-degrees-upstream-ariv-q870419.

Relative Velocity: Boat Crossing a River, ILC, OECA, URL: https://www.geogebra.org/m/jgA3FrVk.

Kinematics Demo: Cart and Ball, Dr. Boyd F. Edwards, Utah State University, URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CDf_0fPbNos, Published 20/08/2016.

Aircraft carrier USS Dwight D. Eisenhower sails through the Mediterranean Sea, Stocktrek Images//Getty Images

Philippine Sea (December 1, 2006) - An EA-6B Prowler assigned to Electronic Warfare Squadron One Three Six (VAQ-136) launches off the flight deck of USS Kitty Hawk, Stocktrek Images//Getty Images

Power jump, dennisvdw/iStock/Getty Images

Children balls slowly fall on floor, Video supplied by ISerg/Creatas Video+/Getty Images.

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), wood engraving, published in 1864, ZU_09/E+/Getty Images

Man standing on cliff edge ready to jump into sea, wundervisuals/E+/Getty Images

Power of the sea, Vaara/iStock/Getty Images

Man practicing parkour in the city, aluxum/E+/Getty Images

Young woman hand throwing stone on grass green background, spukkato/iStock/Getty Images

Teenage boy outside on a bright spring day, Ben Gingell/iStock/Getty Images

Close-up of hand trying to catch a ball in the sky, RBFried/E+/Getty Images

Baseball pitch, DustyPixel/E+/Getty Images

Commercial airplane flying over dramatic sunset, Jag_cz/iStock/Getty Images

Projectile Motion, PhET, URL: https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/projectile-motion/latest/projectile-motion_en.html, . PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder, https://phet.colorado.edu.

American football kick-off, Dmytro Aksonov/E+/Getty Images

Football receiver catching ball, Comstock/Stockbyte/Getty Images

Passenger plane flying over beautiful blue ocean and island sea beach use for summer holiday vacation traveling, kckate16/iStock/Getty Images

Free Throw, //Getty Images

Little Girl Lying on a Large Tree, ulkas//Getty Images

Hotel elevators, Lisa-Blue/E+/Getty Images

Demo: Elevators, ILC, OECA, URL: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1z1qJkVIq5ucKDhJrZ05LA3kSQwV4fImz/view.

Sir Isaac Newton, GeorgiosArt/iStock/Getty Images

Newton's Laws, VectorMine/iStock/Getty Images

Cheerful female friends talking during a road trip in a car, skynesher/E+/Getty Images

Winter breaks, vgajic/E+/Getty Images

Family having fun outdoors at winter, vgajic/E+/Getty Images

Newton's Second Law on blackboard, marekuliasz/iStock/Getty Images

Happiness and snow, miodrag ignjatovic/E+/Getty Images

Two funny little girls having fun with a sleigh in beautiful winter park. Cute children playing in a snow, MNStudio/iStock/Getty Images

Strong grandma pulling kids on sleds in winter, Imgorthand/E+/Getty Images

Family on winter vacation pulling sled up mountain smiling at camera, FlairImages/iStock/Getty Images

Common house brick, Turnervisual/E+/Getty Images

Modification of 01.05.24, Turnervisual, Getty Images, URL: https://www.gettyimages.ca/detail/photo/common-house-brick-royalty-free-image/184374333.

Business people in a glass elevator, ojogabonitoo/iStock/Getty Images

Children ride giant drop at theme park, colematt/iStock/Getty Images

Demo: Elevator, ILC, OECA, URL: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1z1qJkVIq5ucKDhJrZ05LA3kSQwV4fImz.

Closeup of car tires in winter on the road, LeManna/iStock/Getty Images

Ramp: Forces and Motion, PhET, URL: https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/legacy/ramp-forces-and-motion, . PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder, https://phet.colorado.edu.

Ramp: Forces and Motion, PhET, URL: https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/legacy/ramp-forces-and-motion, . PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder, https://phet.colorado.edu.

Let's Analyze the Physics of a 200 MPH Hyperloop Test Run, Rhett Allain, WIRED Magazine/Condé Nast, URL: https://www.wired.com/story/hyperloop-200-mph-test-run-physics/, Published 01/09/2017, Accessed 24/01/2020.

How to swing a glass of water in a circle experiment (Centripetal force), Kids Fun Science, URL: https://youtu.be/O85EpbO9cxA, Published 13/05/2017. YouTube Channel: www.youtube.com/c/kidsfunscience.

GPS receiver and map, Eureka_89/iStock/Getty Images

Satellite and planet, enot-poloskun/iStock/Getty Images

Centripetal Force: Glass of Water Demonstration, AlRichards314, URL: https://youtu.be/MH4zoAxud0k, Published 12/02/2020.

Classic Circular Force Lab, The Physics Aviary, URL: http://www.thephysicsaviary.com/Physics/Programs/Labs/ClassicCircularForceLab/.

Racers competing on the velodrome in Portland, Oregon, Silvrshootr/iStock/Getty Images

Bobsleigh team, MAVDesigns/iStock/Getty Images

Men driving formula racing cars, simonkr/E+/Getty Images

Round the bend, belterz/iStock/Getty Images

Excitement rollercoaster, Video supplied by fabstyle/Creatas Video+/Getty Images.

Parachutist tandem jumping, Video supplied by oneblink-cj/Creatas Video+/Getty Images.

Laundry room with a washing machine, Choreograph/iStock/Getty Images

Salad spinner, Devrim_PINAR/iStock/Getty Images

Medical tube with blood plasma in hand for PRP, extracted from medical centrifuge for plasma lifting, ozina/iStock/Getty Images

Unit 2

Ontario's Energy Supply Capacity, IESO, URL: http://www.ieso.ca/learn/ontario-supply-mix/ontario-energy-capacity, Published 09/2019. Source: IESO (Independent Electricity System Operator), Progress Report on Contracted Electricity Supply, Third Quarter 2019, http://www.ieso.ca/-/media/Files/IESO/Document-Library/contracted-electricity-supply/Progress-Report-Contracted-Supply-Q32019.pdf.

Vector low poly hydroelectric power station, tarras79/iStock/Getty Images

Boy pulling his friend on a sledge, Peter Muller/Cultura/Getty Images

Guy performing a hockey stop on ice, frozen Lake Grundlsee, 4FR/E+/Getty Images

Roller coaster, druvo/iStock/Getty Images

Dells Grist Mill, John_Brueske/iStock/Getty Images

Child playing with his slingshot in a park having fun in freedom, Joaquin Corbalan/iStock/Getty Images

Bungee jumping, LUke1138/iStock/Getty Images

Severe thunderstorm and lightning, clintspencer/iStock/Getty Images

Synapse and neuron cells sending electrical chemical signals, cosmin4000/iStock/Getty Images

Pulsed electromagnetic frequencies tuned to the earth, alxpin/E+/Getty Images

Nuclear fission of uranium, PeterHermesFurian/iStock/Getty Images

Car driving to ski slope, young couple, sayu_k/iStock/Getty Images

Abstract sprinter high speed start to race motion trail, peepo/E+/Getty Images

Girl skiing down the hill, lilam8/iStock/Getty Images

Jumper horse, Maksimovairina/iStock/Getty Images

Satellite burning as it returns from space, PaulFleet/iStock/Getty Images

Car brake, 3alexd/iStock/Getty Images

Christine Nesbitt of Canada skates down the straight ahead of Monique Angermuller of Germany on her way to a gold medal in the women's 1000 meter speedskating competition in Richmond, BC, John Mahoney, Postmedia News Service, URL: http://www.vancouversun.com/sports/olympics-anniversary/Photos+Olympics+2010/4260915/story.html, Published 18/02/2010.

Teenage boy jumping into seawater pool, lilly3/iStock Editorial/Getty Images

Energy skate park, PhET, URL: https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/energy-skate-park-basics/latest/energy-skate-park-basics_en.html, . PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder, https://phet.colorado.edu.

Fanshawe Dam, Dave McIntosh/iStock/Getty Images

Mountain cycling, Gorfer/E+/Getty Images

MIT Physics Demo -- Spray Paint Oscillator, MIT Tech TV, Technical Services Group at MIT's Department of Physics, URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-Umre5Np_0.

A rock is pulled back in a sling shot pointed to the sky, numbeos/E+/Getty Images

Dive from diving board, antinoris/iStock/Getty Images

Boat mooring spring with chain closeup, kokodrill/iStock/Getty Images

Hooke's Law, PhET, URL: https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/hookes-law, . PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder, https://phet.colorado.edu.

Simple Harmonic Motion I, PhET, URL: https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/mass-spring-lab, . PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder, https://phet.colorado.edu.

Simple Harmonic Motion, ILC, OECA, URL: filer2-curriculum\Course Development\ILC Video - Narmeen/Simple Harmonic Motion.

Multi-link front car suspension, with brake, leonello/iStock/Getty Images

Simple Harmonic Motion II, PhET, URL: https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/mass-spring-lab, . PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder, https://phet.colorado.edu.

Sports suspension strut on an automobile wheel, Pgiam/E+/Getty Images

A group of people collects the fruits of plants in the form of a light bulb idea, luckyvector/iStock/Getty Images

Color coil spirals, Tetiana Lazunova/iStock/Getty Images

Newton Cradle, ILC, OECA, Published 20/12/2017.

Silhouette golf swing, woraput/iStock/Getty Images

Woman playing field hockey, EAQ/iStock/Getty Images

Baseball player hitting ball during a game, davepeetersphoto/iStock/Getty Images

Hockey hit, mecaleha/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty Images

Stacked Ball Drop, Dianna Cowern, Physics Girl, URL: https://youtu.be/2UHS883_P60, Published 20/01/2015.

One-Dimensional Collisions, PhET, URL: https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/collision-lab/collision-lab_en.html, . PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder, https://phet.colorado.edu.

Happy and Sad Balls, Lenore Edman, Evil Mad Scientist, URL: https://www.evilmadscientist.com/2006/happy-and-sad-balls/, Published 18/09/2006.

Video: Happy and Sad Balls, Lenore Edman, Evil Mad Scientist, URL: https://youtu.be/ciageLSYXUE.

Hockey hit, mecaleha/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty Images

4th of July fireworks, ET-ARTWORKS/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty Images

Close up eye level view of billiard balls, vladakela/iStock/Getty Images

Curling rocks on ice, gbrundin/iStock/Getty Images

Bowling strike, lkpgfoto/E+/Getty Images

Unit 3

International Space Station, Google Street View, Google, URL: https://www.ibtimes.com/take-tour-international-space-station-google-earth-street-view-2568539, Published 20/07/2017.

Our beautiful, endangered planet, photovideostock/E+/Getty Images

Oil industry storage tank, wire frame, hh5800/iStock/Getty Images

Vector illustration of Earth with watercolor texture on white background, Tanjulchik/iStock/Getty Images

Globe on white - North America with white studio reflections, skegbydave/iStock/Getty Images

Solar system, adventtr/E+/Getty Images

Spacecraft Soyuz and Space Station, 3DSculptor/iStock/Getty Images

Satellite and sunrise in space, BlackJack3D/E+/Getty Images

Earth and thousands of Milky Way stars. Earth furnished by NASA/JPL (http://visibleearth.nasa.gov), stars and Moon are creator's astronomy work, m-gucci/iStock/Getty Images

Satellite, jgroup/iStock/Getty Images

Nautilus-X Demo attached to Node 1 forward, NASA, URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nautilus-X_Demo-cropped_image.jpg, Published 2011.

Portrait of Jenni Sydney-Gibbons, CBC, URL: https://i.cbc.ca/1.5446449.1580491489!/fileImage/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/16x9_780/jenni-portrait.jpg, Published 2020.

Jenni Sydney-Gibbons speaking at a podium, CBC, URL: https://i.cbc.ca/1.5446502.1580491503!/fileImage/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/original_1180/jenni-smiling.jpg, Published 2020.

Jenni Sydney-Gibbons water survival training, CBC, URL: https://i.cbc.ca/1.5446489.1580491512!/fileImage/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/original_1180/jenni-survival-training.jpg, Published 2020.

Members of the 2017 NASA Astronaut Class, CBC, URL: https://i.cbc.ca/1.5446493.1580415300!/fileImage/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/original_1180/class-photo.jpg, Published 2020.

Genetic research at the laboratory, Pgiam/E+/Getty Images

Loading DNA Samples onto an agarose gel for electrophoresis, luchschen/iStock/Getty Images

Illustration of Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, Dorling Kindersley//Getty Images

LHC radio frequency accelerators, xenotar/iStock/Getty Images

Cathode ray tube (CRT), CERN, URL: https://www.scienceinschool.org/2014/issue30/accelerator, Published 19/11/2014.

Hammerhead shark, Howard Chen/iStock/Getty Images

Loading DNA samples onto an agarose gel for electrophoresis, luchschen/iStock/Getty Images

Blue glowing giant lightning energy field in space, sakkmesterke/iStock/Getty Images

Confused, young businessman looking at many twisted arrows on the blackboard background, phototechno/iStock/Getty Images

Teenage girl text messaging on her phone, ponsulak/iStock/Getty Images

Charges and Fields, PhET, URL: https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/charges-and-fields, . PhET Interactive Simulations, University of Colorado Boulder, https://phet.colorado.edu.

Robert A. Millikan, Nobel Foundation Archives, URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Millikan.jpg, Published 1923.

Online check-in at airport, andresr/E+/Getty Images

Social media apps on Apple iPhone 6s, bombuscreative/iStock/Getty Images

Access control through RFID, albln/iStock/Getty Images

Aurora borealis, Yukon Territory, chinaface/E+/Getty Images

Stunning aurora as seen from the Space Station, European Space Agency, ESA, URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XzBp6Bt503o&feature=youtu.be, Published 23/09/2017.

Shanghai Maglev train, QOcreative/iStock/Getty Images

Japan: World's fastest train 603km/h, BBC News, URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HpRqlehZ0X8&feature=youtu.be, Published 21/04/2015.

LHC radio frequency accelerators, xenotar/iStock/Getty Images

RFID tag, AlexLMX/iStock/Getty Images

Contactless payment with credit card, FilippoBacci/iStock/Getty Images

Animal implant on tweezers, vetkit/iStock/Getty Images

Unit 4

Hazelwood Power Station, Simpsons fan 66, URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hazelwood_Power_Station_ESP.jpg, Published 03/2008. Granted under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0).

Fiber optic cable, Henrik5000/iStock/Getty Images

Network cable with high tech technology, kynny/iStock/Getty Images

Woman hand holding cellphone, connecting to the world, ukayacan/iStock/Getty Images

GPS receiver and map, Eureka_89/iStock/Getty Images

Stadium crowd performing "the wave" at the Confederations Cup 2005 in Frankfurt, Florian K, URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Confed-Cup_2005_-_Laolawelle.JPG, Published 16/06/2005. Granted under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0).

Speed of a wave, ILC, OECA, URL: http://www.ilc.org/applications/asset.php?id=7278.

Open door in a dark room, goir/iStock/Getty Images

Diffraction, ILC, URL: http://www.ilc.org/applications/asset.php?id=7269.

Diffraction Investigation 1, ILC, URL: http://www.ilc.org/applications/asset.php?id=7269.

Diffraction Investigation 2, ILC, URL: http://www.ilc.org/applications/asset.php?id=7269.

Diffraction Investigation 3, ILC, URL: http://www.ilc.org/applications/asset.php?id=7269.

Droplets of water falling into blue pool, sidsnapper/E+/Getty Images

The Original Double Slit Experiment (Standing Waves), Dr. Derek Muller, Veritasium, URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iuv6hY6zsd0, Published 19/02/2013.

Male hand holding Visa bank card, RapidEye/iStock/Getty Images

DVD, LuisPortugal/iStock/Getty Images

Portrait of Francesco Maria Grimaldi, Unknown, URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Francesco_Maria_Grimaldi.jpg.

Portrait of Robert Hooke, Unknown, URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Robert_Hooke_portrait.jpg.

Portrait of Christiaan Huygens, C.Netscher, URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Christiaan_Huygens-painting.jpeg, Published 1671.

Diffraction of wave is described by Huygens' principle, Yoyokits, URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HuygensDiffraction.jpg, Published 20/05/2006.

Portrait of Thomas Young (unknown artist), wynnter/iStock/Getty Images

Green lasers in the laboratory, Vadimborkin/iStock/Getty Images

Interference of Light at a Double Slit, Walter Fendt, URL: http://www.walter-fendt.de/html5/phen/doubleslit_en.htm, Published 28/11/2015. Granted under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0).

The Original Double Slit Experiment (Standing Waves), Dr. Derek Muller/Veritasium, URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iuv6hY6zsd0.

Derivation of Interference Equations, ILC, OECA, URL: http://myilc.ilc.org/myilc/course_materials.php?uc_id=2805350.

Portrait of Dennis Gabor, Nobel Foundation Archives, URL: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1971/gabor/facts/.

Canadian currency, mysticenergy/E+/Getty Images

Typical setup for viewing a transmission hologram, ILC, OECA, URL: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1t57Z4_POmk6RTK-MLO_ujcYSQJRBk0Qt.

DVD, LuisPortugal/iStock/Getty Images

The Dove Hologram Visa image, Visa, URL: https://usa.visa.com/dam/VCOM/global/support-legal/documents/dove-vbn.pdf.

Projection/Transmission Hologram on Canadian $5 Bill, Protons for Breakfast, URL: https://protonsforbreakfast.files.wordpress.com/2016/01/laser-diffraction-montage.png?w=768.

Green lasers in the laboratory, Vadimborkin/iStock/Getty Images

Lesser Violetear - Colibri cyanotus, phototrip/iStock/Getty Images

White light ray dispersing to other color light rays via prism, kasezo/iStock/Getty Images

Close up floating bubbles on green background in summer, R9_RoNaLdO/E+/Getty Images

Laser Diffraction and Interference, TSG Physics, Technical Services Group at MIT's Department of Physics, URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9D8cPrEAGyc, Published 13/06/2012.

Double-slit interference pattern for red light, TSG Physics, Technical Services Group at MIT's Department of Physics, URL: http://tsgphysics.mit.edu/front/?page=demo.php&letnum=P%2010&show=0.

Optical discs or CD compact discs, BrianAJackson/iStock/Getty Images

Dispersed spectrum of colours, /iStock/Getty Images

Triangular prism breaks light into spectral colors, PeterHermesFurian/iStock/Getty Images

Double rainbow over field against sky, Roeby/iStock/Getty Images

Two soap bubbles, illustrating iridescent colours, against a foliage background, Tagishsimon, URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Soap_Bubble_-_foliage_background_-_iridescent_colours_-_Traquair_040801.jpg, Published 01/08/2003. Granted under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0).

Film of soap interference 2, Patrick.Nordmann~commonswiki, URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Film_of_soap_interference_2.jpg, Published 13/01/2007.

Soap bubbles 2, Brocken Inaglory, URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Soap_bubbles_2.jpg, Published 17/04/2007.

GeoGebra: Thin Film Interference, Tom Walsh, GeoGebra, URL: https://www.geogebra.org/m/ZzUQnmjB.

Technology: Canada brings in thin films to foil the counterfeiters, New Scientist, URL: https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg12416952-900-technology-canada-brings-in-thin-films-to-foil-the-counterfeiters/, Published 16/12/1989.

Watercolor painting of a green dragonfly, Inna Sinano/iStock/Getty Images

Green lasers in the laboratory, Vadimborkin/iStock/Getty Images

Radio telescope against rising Milky Way, CHBD/E+/Getty Images

Communications tower with mobile phone antennas, spooh/iStock/Getty Images

Mauna Kea Observatory, joebelanger/iStock/Getty Images

Liquid Mirror Telescope, NASA Orbital Debris Program Office, URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Liquid_Mirror_Telescope.jpg, Published 11/02/2012.

Cruise ship corridor, CreativeNature_nl/iStock/Getty Images

Galvanic cell labeled, Rehua, URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Galvanic_cell_labeled.svg, Published 04/01/2012. Granted under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0).

Polarizing Filter Use and Examples, Matt, URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=doV6bRMrUK8, Published 17/08/2013.

View through Circular Polarizing Filter, Emilian Robert Vicol, URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Seen-through-Circular-Polarizing-DSLR_Filter_2014-05-09_004904_(14160649563).jpg, Published 08/05/2014. Granted under Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0).

The effects of a polarizing filter on the sky in a photograph. The picture on the right uses the filter, PiccoloNamek, URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CircularPolarizer.jpg, Published 22/10/2005. Granted under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0).

Polarization of Light, UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy, URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9qpbt0v5Hw&feature=youtu.be+.

Wireless Device Safety, Health Canada, Health Canada, URL: https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/hc-sc/documents/services/publications/health-risks-safety/radiation/everyday-things-emit-radiation/health-effects-wi-fi-equipment-eng.pdf, . © His Majesty the King in Right of Canada, represented by the Minister of Health, 2023.

Engraving of James Clerk Maxwell, G. J. Stodart from a photograph by Fergus of Greenock, URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Clerk_Maxwell.png, Published 1890.

Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (1857-1894), German physicist, published in 1898, ZU_09/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty Images

Lab Report Builder, ILC.

Unit 5

Double-slit interference, Aleksandr Berdnikov, URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Double_slit_interference.png, Published 09/11/2016. Granted under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Skateboarding Frame of Reference Demonstration, Jonathan Thomas-Palmer, Flipping Physics, URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mYH_nODWkqk&feature=youtu.be, Published 15/10/2014.

Famous scientists: Gutenberg, Newton, Galilei, Humboldt, wood engraving, published 1876, ZU_09/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty Images

Quantum computing, lvcandy/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty Images

3D model of an artificial satellite in space, Yurkoman/iStock/Getty Images

Relativity - Chapter 1 of 6, Cassiopeia Project, URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yB0vWbVviTg&list=PLF35634D392D10E15, Published 23/07/2008.

Relativity - Chapter 1 of 6, Cassiopeia Project, URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yB0vWbVviTg&list=PLF35634D392D10E15, Published 23/07/2008.

Aether Wind, Cronholm144, URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AetherWind.svg, Published 29/06/2007. Granted under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0).

Neil deGrasse Tyson explains the Michelson-Morley experiment excerpt from UNDAUNTED, Dan Handley, Dan Handley Science Media, URL: https://youtu.be/7qJoRNseyLQ, Published 18/04/2012. From Undaunted: The Forgotten Giants of the Allegheny Observatory by American Public Television.

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Relativity - Chapter 2 of 6, Cassiopeia Project, URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yB0vWbVviTg&list=PLF35634D392D10E15, Published 23/07/2008.

Relativity - Chapter 3 of 6, Cassiopeia Project, URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y5nWLR3TxYo&index=3&list=PLF35634D392D10E15, Published 23/07/2008.

Relativity - Chapter 3 of 6, Cassiopeia Project, URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y5nWLR3TxYo&index=3&list=PLF35634D392D10E15, Published 23/07/2008.

Monument given to CERN by the Swiss government, xenotar/iStock/Getty Images

Aerial View of the CERN, Maximilien Brice, CERN, URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CERN_Aerial_View.jpg, Published 15/07/2008. Granted under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0).

Google Streetview of Large Hadron Collider, Google, URL: https://www.google.com/maps/@46.253913,6.0185584,2a,90y,303.87h,81.2t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sPwHC1mn7oBMAAAQJODm7Kw!2e0!7i13312!8i6656, Published 01/2011.

Take A 360-Degree Virtual Tour of The World's Biggest Particle Collider, Jacqueline Howard, HuffPost US, URL: https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/large-hadron-collider-360-video_n_56e6cb44e4b0860f99d9843d, Published 18/03/2016.

Step inside the Large Hadron Collider (360 video), BBC News, URL: https://youtu.be/d_OeQxoKocU, Published 10/03/2016.

Relativity - Chapter 3 of 6, Cassiopeia Project, URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y5nWLR3TxYo&index=3&list=PLF35634D392D10E15, Published 23/07/2008.

E=mc2, da-kuk/iStock/Getty Images

Bruce A Turbine Hall during the 2002-04 Bruce A restart project, Pencefn, URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bruce_A_Turbine_Hall_December_2002.JPG, Published 05/12/2002. Granted under Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Generic (CC BY 2.5).

Apsiden- oder Periheldrehung (Apsis or perihelion rotation), Benutzer:Rainer Zenz, URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Apsidendrehung.png, Published 10/03/2007.

Watch 3D digital fractal design. Vintage time clock series, dianaarturovna/iStock/Getty Images

Baby lying on space-inspired background, yulkapopkova/E+/Getty Images

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Video sensor control of the digital minichamber, Denis_Dryashkin/iStock/Getty Images

Nobel Prize 2009, press conference with the laureates of the Nobel prize in physics, George E. Smith and Willard Boyle, at the KVA, Prolineserver, URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nobel_Prize_2009-Press_Conference_KVA-19.jpg, . © Prolineserver 2010, Wikipedia/Wikimedia Commons (Granted under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0).

Blacksmith's hammer working a heated metal rod on an anvil, Shaiith/iStock/Getty Images

Portrait of Max Planck, Transocean Berlin, URL: https://library.si.edu/image-gallery/73553, Published 1930. Courtesy of the Smithsonian Libraries.

Photodiode close-up, John Maushammer, URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Photodiode-closeup.jpg, Published 07/01/2008. Granted under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 Generic (CC BY-SA 2.5).

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CCD sensor on a card, Shchr/iStock/Getty Images

Solar panels, EzumeImages/iStock/Getty Images

Atomic series. Abstract concept of atom and quantum waves illustrated with fractal elements, agsandrew/iStock/Getty Images

Scanning electron microscope JEOL JSM-6340F, Stéphane, URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JEOL_JSM-6340F.jpg, Published 05/12/2005. Granted under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0).

Portrait of the American physicist Arthur Compton, X-ray scholar, Mondadori, URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arthur_Compton_1927.jpg, Published 1927.

Results of a double-slit-experiment performed by Dr. Tonomura showing the build-up of an interference pattern of single electrons, Belsazar, URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Double-slit_experiment_results_Tanamura_2.jpg, Published 23/08/2012. Provided with kind permission of Dr. Tonomura. Granted under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0).

Prince Louis-Victor de Broglie, Nobel Foundation Archives, URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Louis_de_Broglie.jpg, Published 1929.

Matter as a Wave, Paul Andersen, Bozeman Science, URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=caVIh3RZOA4, Published 11/07/2015.

Matter as a Wave, Paul Andersen, Bozeman Science, URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=caVIh3RZOA4, Published 11/07/2015.

Electron microscope, avid_creative/iStock/Getty Images

Scanning electron microscope at the University of Göttingen, Thctamm, URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Skaneeriv_elektronmikroskoop.JPG, Published 07/08/2012. Granted under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0).

Atomic series. Abstract concept of atom and quantum waves illustrated with fractal elements, agsandrew/iStock/Getty Images

Quark structure of the neutron and proton, ILC, OECA.

What the coronavirus looks like up close, Vox Media, Vox Media, LLC, URL: https://youtu.be/421fmflQX0E, Published 14/04/2020, Accessed 25/08/2021.

Project almost done (illustration), Aihero/iStock/Getty Images

Moon surface seen from space by NASA, Video supplied by slavemotion/Creatas Video+/Getty Images.

Cool man with afro hair and vintage TV, pidjoe/E+/Getty Images